Textile Science: 2012

Tuesday, January 17, 2012

Branches of Textile engineering

There are five distinctive branches in textile engineering namely

1. Yarn manufacturing/Spinning,

2. Fabric manufacturing,

3. Garment/Apparel manufacturing,

4. Wet processing.

5. Textile management.

Advance branches includes-

· Fashion design

· Technical textile

· Material science

1.Yarn manufacturing:

This branch consists the manufacturing process of yarn (thread) and the Study starts from the Fiber/Fiber-types, Characteristics, quality etc and ends in Packing of yarns. The processes includes Ginning, Bale opening, Mixing, Carding, Combing, Drawing, Operation in Speed frame, Operation in Ring frame, Twisting, Winding.

Ginning: Study of separation of fiber from seed (for cotton & some vegetable fiber)

Bale management: Bale making, opening, Lap making of fibers.

Mixing & Blending: Principles of incorporating different types and different quality of fiber together.

Carding: Heart of spinning. Principles of individualization of fibers, removing of neps, dirt’s etc. and making sliver.

Combing: Principle of making better quality yarn by combing operation.

Drawing & Doubling: Principle parallelization of sliver and passing two or more sliver together to form a single sliver.

Operation in speed frame: Study of making roving.

Operation in Ring Frame: Study of making yarn from roving.

Twisting: Study of making a single yarn by twisting to or more yarn.

Winding: Study of winding of yarn in packages (cop, cone spool etc.)

Yarn manufacturing/Spinning

2.Fabric Manufacturing:

This branch consists the manufacturing process of fabric, Lace, Braid, Conveyor belt ,Net, Rope from yarn by weaving / knitting or bonding or by other mechanism by using yarn/fiber. The branch gives its attention in types of fabric, fabric design, Sizing, Warping ,Machines for making different types of etc.

Sizing: Study of applying sizing materials (mainly starch) in yarn to impart strength in yarn.

Warping: raping yarns in warping beam

Weaving : Study of making fabric by interlacement of yarns in looms

Knitting: Study of making fabric by intermeshing of yarn in knitting machines.

Fabric manufacturing

3.Garment/Apparel manufacturing:

This branch consists of the manufacturing process/making of garment from fabric by cutting, sewing etc.

Main subject matter of this branch are types of garments, Garment design, production sequence, Pattern making, Marker making, Fabric spreading, Cutting, Sewing etc.

Apparel manufacturing

4.Wet processing :

This branch consists of the chemical processing of fibers and fabrics,Dyeing Printing and Finishing of Textile materials.

Main subject matters of this stream are types of chemical class of different fibers,Polymerisation of fibers,types of dyes/pigments and their application procedure in textile substrate,Printing techniques in fabrics,Techniques of making flame retardant,Waterproof,Dirtproof,Antimicrobial fabrics etc ,water treatment for textile proceesing,preparation of textile material for dyeing/printing/finishing.

Dyeing

Printing

5.Textile Management:

This branch consists of the study of management and maintenance of textile trade and technology as well as production management and merchandizing of textile goods as local or nationwide perspective.

Fashion design:

This stream teaches

apparel design, flat pattern making, draping, sewing techniques, computerized pattern design, knitwear design, childrenswear, menswear, swimwear and intimate apparel, bridal, haute couture and tailoring, licensing, fitting techniques, fashion history, fashion business, etc.fashion designers work as fashion consultants, fashion designers, fashion assistants, sketching assistants, merchandising executives, illustrators, stylists, and fashion coordinators.

Fashion design

Technical Textile:

This branch gives its attention to the production of functional textiles rather than textiles for aesthetic properties such as textiles for medical purposes,Protective clothing etc.

Friday, January 6, 2012

Textile Engineering

History

The origin of textile industry was Britain.This was developed and progressed in Britain during the Industrial Revolution of 18th century, and from there spread to Germany and then America. More advanced technologies in these countries led to the development and innovation of textile industry on more advanced scientific principles.This is now spread all over the world. In past, developed countries were used to make basic textiles but now they have more interest in technical textiles . South Asia is now dominating in the production of basic textiles.

Textile engineering/textile technology is a Multi-disciplinary subject

The technology to convert fiber into yarn and fabric and textile is the purpose of this branch of engineering.It is the study of numerous principles from engineering and scientific methodologies.It is the study of forms of processing and production of textile fabrics from textile fibers.This branch provides detailed study of chemicals and polymers that are very necessary in the production of fabrics.These principles are then implemented for the processing and production of all kinds of textile fabric and yarns from textile fibers.

Content
Textile engineering is a constituent field of the larger textile industry that is also referred to as "rag trade" in Australia and England.

This is an innovative field as it is a scientific realm. It provides the creative research, study, and exploration of new techniques for production and improvisation, Quality assurance of the product, Inspection of finished products etc. Other than textile engineering, the working mechanics of this industry involve design, manufacture, distribution, and sales of clothing and apparels.etc .Advanced programs focus on textile chemical technology and fiber science. training in plant designing, wet process designing, dyeing, and printing,the design of all aspects of fiber and apparel process, the interaction of materials with machines, safety and health, waste and pollution control and energy conservation in the production of textile.

The course study involves classes in other aspects of engineering, including mechanical, industrial, and chemical. This coursework will help prepare students to better understand the technical aspects of the field, as they study advanced topics in textile production.
The disciple focuses on the study of chemical and physical principles, which is then utilized for the complete study and analysis of the behavior of polymers involved in the formation of textile fiber.

Textile experts not only seek to develop and find new techniques for the production of new fabrics of better quality, but they also constantly work on improving existing textile fibers.

Career Prospects
A career in this field offers employment opportunities in product research and development, corporate management and supervision,process engineering and sales.
Thus, it is a very dynamic and challenging field and it looks to be a severely competitive field in times to come.There are an immense number of job opportunities for textile engineers in diverse industrial sectors. Textile engineers can seek employment in process engineering, production control, technical sales, quality control, corporate management or research and development. Those specializing in textile chemistry can join dyeing and finishing, polymer science and environmental control industries.

Salary
In USA the salary varies state wise.

Bachelor degree - more or less $45-55K (US) par Annam
Ms degree/PhD -more or less $60-72K (US) par Annam

Sunday, January 1, 2012

What is Textile

What is Textile?

According to The Textile Institute,UK

1. A textile was originally a woven fabric,
but the terms textile and the plural textiles are now also applied to fibers, filaments and yarns, natural and manufactured, and most products for which these are a principal raw material .

for example, fiber-based products in the following categories: threads, cords, ropes and braids ; woven ,knitted and non-woven fabrics, lace, nets and embroidery ; hosiery , knitwear and made-up apparel ; household textiles , soft furnishing and upholstery ; carpets and other floor coverings ; technical , industrial and engineering textiles - including Geo-textiles and medical textiles.

2. Descriptive of textiles as defined in above and of the raw materials , processes , machinery , buildings , craft , technology , personnel used in , and the organizations and activities concerned , with their manufacture.

Simply we can say that," any product made from fibers / filaments through the process/processes of spinning, weaving / knitting , dyeing-printing-finishing or bonding and stitching ,tufting and felting is Textile.

In other words,
A type of material composed of natural or synthetic fibers is Textile.

Types of textiles include animal-based material such as wool or silk, plant-based material such as linen and cotton, and synthetic material such as polyester and rayon.Textiles are often associated with the production of clothing.

Some textile/textiles